The 3k43k-4 conjecture for subsets of Fp\mathbb F_p

Let pp be a large prime number and let AeA e\varnothing be a \subset of Fp\mathbb F_p. An additive set AA has the covering property if it can be covered by an arithmetic progression of length 2AA+1|2A|-|A|+1.

3k43k-4 conjecture. If

A+Amin{3A4,p1},|A+A|\le \min\{3|A|-4,p-1\},

then AA has the covering property.

The conjecture is the analogue over Fp\mathbb F_p of Freiman's 3k43k-4 theorem for finite subsets of the integers. It remains open, despite progress under additional assumptions on the extension ratio or density.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Xin Wei, Xiande Zhang and Gennian Ge, “The Hilton-Milner type results of (k, )-sum-free sets in F_p^n”, arXiv:2512.22835 (2025).

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