Zariski density of modular points on deformation components

Let RxχR_x^{\chi} be the universal deformation ring of the non-split representation ρˉx\bar{\rho}_x with determinant χ\chi, and let CC be an irreducible component of SpecRxχ\operatorname{Spec} R_x^{\chi}. An irreducible one-dimensional point means an irreducible lifting of ρˉx\bar{\rho}_x, not necessarily one of characteristic 00.

Zariski-density conjecture. If CC contains an irreducible one-dimensional point, then the set of modular points contained in CC is Zariski dense.

This conjecture asks whether every deformation component containing an irreducible one-dimensional lifting contains sufficiently many modular points. The text derives the analogous density statement for components of the universal pseudo-deformation space, but does not establish this assertion for RxχR_x^{\chi}; it is therefore open here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Xinyao Zhang, “Zariski density of modular points in the Eisenstein case”, arXiv:2512.21249 (2026).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2020–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2004.02513.

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