The conjectured upper bound for the largest Neumann eigenvalue of a path graph

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Let PP be a path graph with nn vertices, and let λn−2(P)\lambda_{n-2}(P) denote its largest Neumann eigenvalue. Path-graph Neumann eigenvalue conjecture. The largest Neumann eigenvalue satisfies

λn−2(P)≤4.\lambda_{n-2}(P)\leq 4.

This conjecture proposes a sharp uniform upper bound for the largest Neumann eigenvalue of path graphs. The supplied text gives no resolution, so its status remains open.

References

Primary source

Ashmita Singh and Sheela Verma, “Sharp bounds and monotonicity results for Neumann eigenvalues”, arXiv:2512.21103 (2025).

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