Mainiero's generalized GHZ Poincaré polynomial conjecture

Let n3n\geq 3 and let d\vec{d} be a dimension vector. Write PnGHZ(y)=P(GHZn,d;y)P^{\mathrm{GHZ}}_n(y)=P\left(\lvert\mathrm{GHZ}_{n,\vec{d}}\rangle;y\right). Mainiero's generalized GHZ Poincaré polynomial conjecture. For all n3n\geq 3 and dimension vectors d\vec{d},

PnGHZ(y)=1+yn2+2y((1+y)n(1+yn))P^{\mathrm{GHZ}}_n(y)=1+y^{n-2}+\frac{2}{y}\left((1+y)^n-(1+y^n)\right)

and equivalently

PnGHZ(y)=(2n+1)+2m=2n2(nm)ym1+(2n+1)yn2.P^{\mathrm{GHZ}}_n(y)=(2n+1)+2\sum_{m=2}^{n-2}\binom{n}{m}y^{m-1}+(2n+1)y^{n-2}.

The coefficients are symmetric, as required by Hodge duality, with linear growth in nn at the ends and binomial growth in the interior. The formula was motivated by numerical evidence and the modified Pascal-triangle structure described by Mainiero et al.; its resolution is not specified here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Christian Ferko and Keiichiro Furuya, “Entanglement cohomology for GHZ and W states”, arXiv:2512.19889 (2025).

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