Stokes automorphism conjecture for the Painlevé I perturbative partition function

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Let Z(t,ν,ℏ)Z(t,\nu,\hbar) be the perturbative partition function for the Painlevé I system, and let S\mathfrak S denote the Stokes automorphism associated with the BB-periods. Write ∂ν\partial_\nu for differentiation with respect to ν\nu, and interpret functions of e−ℏ∂νe^{-\hbar\partial_\nu} as formal difference operators. Stokes automorphism conjecture. The Stokes automorphism acts on ZZ by

SZ(t,ν,ℏ)=exp⁡(12πiLi⁡2(e−ℏ∂ν)−ℏ∂ν2πilog⁡(1−e−ℏ∂ν))Z(t,ν,ℏ).\mathfrak S Z(t,\nu,\hbar)= \exp\left( \frac{1}{2\pi i}\operatorname{Li}_2\left(e^{-\hbar\partial_\nu}\right) -\frac{\hbar\partial_\nu}{2\pi i}\log\left(1-e^{-\hbar\partial_\nu}\right) \right)Z(t,\nu,\hbar).

This is the zero-Fourier-mode consequence of the preceding conjectural tau-function connection formula and describes the resurgent Stokes jump of the perturbative partition function; its status is not resolved in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Kohei Iwaki, “Les Houches Lectures on Exact WKB Analysis and Painlevé Equations”, arXiv:2512.17599 (2026).

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