Positivity conjecture for dual canonical basis coefficients and coproducts

Let Cı\mathbf{C}^\imath and C\mathbf{C} be the dual canonical bases of U~ı\widetilde{{\mathbf U}}^\imath and U~\widetilde{{\mathbf U}}, respectively. For bCıb\in\mathbf{C}^\imath, write

ı(b)=cCfc(v)c,Δ~(b)=bCı,cCgb,c(v)bc,\imath(b)=\sum_{c\in\mathbf{C}}f_c(v)c,\qquad \widetilde{\Delta}(b)=\sum_{b'\in\mathbf{C}^\imath,c\in\mathbf{C}}g_{b',c}(v)b'\otimes c,

and

(ı1)Δ~(b)=c,cChc,c(v)cc.(\imath\otimes1)\circ\widetilde{\Delta}(b)=\sum_{c,c'\in\mathbf{C}}h_{c,c'}(v)c\otimes c'.

Positivity conjecture. For every bCıb\in\mathbf{C}^\imath, all coefficients fc(v)f_c(v), gb,c(v)g_{b',c}(v) and hc,c(v)h_{c,c'}(v) belong to N[v12,v12]\mathbb{N}[v^{\frac12},v^{-\frac12}]. In particular, the structure constants of the coproduct for U~\widetilde{{\mathbf U}} belong to N[v12,v12]\mathbb{N}[v^{\frac12},v^{-\frac12}].

The proposition before this statement proves only membership in Z[v12,v12]\mathbb{Z}[v^{\frac12},v^{-\frac12}]. The conjecture strengthens this to positivity, and the source gives no evidence that it has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ming Lu and Zhuoyi Zhao, “Quantum symmetric pairs via Hall algebras”, arXiv:2512.15322 (2025).

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