Positivity conjecture for dual canonical basis coefficients and coproducts

Let Cı\mathbf{C}^\imath and C\mathbf{C} be the dual canonical bases of U~ı\widetilde{{\mathbf U}}^\imath and U~\widetilde{{\mathbf U}}, respectively. For b∈Cıb\in\mathbf{C}^\imath, write

ı(b)=∑c∈Cfc(v)c,Δ~(b)=∑b′∈Cı,c∈Cgb′,c(v)b′⊗c,\imath(b)=\sum_{c\in\mathbf{C}}f_c(v)c,\qquad \widetilde{\Delta}(b)=\sum_{b'\in\mathbf{C}^\imath,c\in\mathbf{C}}g_{b',c}(v)b'\otimes c,

and

(ı⊗1)∘Δ~(b)=∑c,c′∈Chc,c′(v)c⊗c′.(\imath\otimes1)\circ\widetilde{\Delta}(b)=\sum_{c,c'\in\mathbf{C}}h_{c,c'}(v)c\otimes c'.

Positivity conjecture. For every b∈Cıb\in\mathbf{C}^\imath, all coefficients fc(v)f_c(v), gb′,c(v)g_{b',c}(v) and hc,c′(v)h_{c,c'}(v) belong to N[v12,v−12]\mathbb{N}[v^{\frac12},v^{-\frac12}]. In particular, the structure constants of the coproduct for U~\widetilde{{\mathbf U}} belong to N[v12,v−12]\mathbb{N}[v^{\frac12},v^{-\frac12}].

The proposition before this statement proves only membership in Z[v12,v−12]\mathbb{Z}[v^{\frac12},v^{-\frac12}]. The conjecture strengthens this to positivity, and the source gives no evidence that it has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Ming Lu and Zhuoyi Zhao, “Quantum symmetric pairs via Hall algebras”, arXiv:2512.15322 (2025).

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