The basis and generation conjecture for the Norton subalgebra of the bilinear forms graph

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Let Γ=(X,R)\Gamma=(X,\mathcal R) be the bilinear forms graph, let x,y∈Xx,y\in X be adjacent vertices, and let U=U(x,y)U=U(x,y) be the subspace defined earlier. Let E=E1E=E_1 be the primitive idempotent, and let O^1,1(B)\widehat O^{(B)}_{1,1}, O^1,1(C)\widehat O^{(C)}_{1,1}, and O^1,1(D)\widehat O^{(D)}_{1,1} denote the indicated vectors associated with the corresponding cells of the equitable partition. The Norton product on EVEV is u⋆v=E(u∘v)u\star v=E(u\circ v). Basis and generation conjecture. The following hold:

(i) The subspace EUEU has basis

Ex^,Ey^,EO^1,1(B),EO^1,1(C),EO^1,1(D).E\hat x,\qquad E\hat y,\qquad E\widehat O^{(B)}_{1,1},\qquad E\widehat O^{(C)}_{1,1},\qquad E\widehat O^{(D)}_{1,1}.

(ii) The Norton subalgebra EUEU is generated by Ex^E\hat x and Ey^E\hat y.

This conjecture concerns the structure of the Norton algebra associated with the QQ-polynomial bilinear forms graph. Establishing the proposed basis and generation statement would give an explicit description of the Norton subalgebra determined by two adjacent vertices.

References

Primary source

Paul Terwilliger and Jason Williford, “An equitable partition for the distance-regular graph of the bilinear forms”, arXiv:2512.12125 (2025).

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