6-color conjecture for cubic bipartite planar graph squares

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Let GG be a cubic bipartite planar graph, and let G2G^2 be its square, obtained by joining vertices at distance at most 22 in GG. Let χ(G2)\chi(G^2) denote the chromatic number of G2G^2.

Cubic bipartite planar square-coloring conjecture. The square satisfies

χ(G2)≤6.\chi(G^2)\leq 6.

This is a strengthening of the general cubic planar bound in Wegner's conjecture and is presented as an open problem for cubic bipartite planar graphs.

References

Primary source

Seog-Jin Kim and Rong Luo, “Squares of subcubic planar graphs without cycles of length 4-8 are 6-choosable”, arXiv:2512.10175 (2025).

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