The multipole bound for axisymmetric black holes

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Let MM be the mass, JJ the angular momentum, and M2M_2 the mass quadrupole of an axisymmetric black hole. Multipole bound conjecture. The quadrupole should satisfy

M2≥−J2M.M_2\geq-\frac{J^2}{M}.

The bound is saturated by Kerr. The source gives no resolution status for general axisymmetric black holes.

References

Primary source

Da Xu, “The Angular Momentum Penrose Inequality”, arXiv:2512.06918 (2026).

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