The Riemannian isoperimetric inequality for black-hole surfaces

Let Σ\Sigma be a compact surface in an asymptotically flat manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature R0R\geq0. Let MM be the mass and define the Schwarzschild radius by rH=2Mr_H=2M. Riemannian isoperimetric conjecture. The surface should satisfy

A4πrH2,A\geq4\pi r_H^2,

or equivalently

A16πM2.\sqrt{\frac{A}{16\pi}}\geq\frac{M}{2}.

The source describes this as weaker than the Penrose inequality and says it follows from similar techniques, but gives no definitive resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Da Xu, “The Angular Momentum Penrose Inequality”, arXiv:2512.06918 (2026).

Progress summary

Never refreshed

Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.

Solutions 0

No solutions have been posted yet.