The multi-horizon angular-momentum Penrose inequality

Let the initial data contain nn disjoint outermost marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) {Σi}i=1n\{\Sigma_i\}_{i=1}^n, with areas AiA_i and angular momenta JiJ_i. Multi-horizon extension conjecture. The ADM mass should satisfy

MADMi=1nAi16π+4πJi2Ai.M_{\mathrm{ADM}} \geq \sum_{i=1}^n \sqrt{\frac{A_i}{16\pi} + \frac{4\pi J_i^2}{A_i}}.

This proposes additivity of the individual angular-momentum mass contributions for multiple outermost horizons; the source gives no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Da Xu, “The Angular Momentum Penrose Inequality”, arXiv:2512.06918 (2026).

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