Birationality conjecture for geometrically rational surfaces with the same atoms

Let XX and YY be geometrically rational surfaces, and let nontrivial atoms mean the atoms other than the trivial pieces in their atomic semi-orthogonal decompositions. Birationality conjecture for geometrically rational surfaces. The surfaces XX and YY are birational if and only if they have the same nontrivial atoms. This extends the proved birationality criterion for birationally rich surfaces and would give a categorical criterion for birationality among all geometrically rational surfaces. The source identifies remaining cases among minimal del Pezzo surfaces and Mori conic bundles of degree at most 44, so the conjecture remains open.

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Primary source

Alexey Elagin, Julia Schneider and Evgeny Shinder, “Atomic decompositions for derived categories of G-surfaces”, arXiv:2512.05064 (2025).

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