Eells' conjecture on harmonic maps from the 3-sphere to the 2-sphere

Let f:S3S2f:\mathbb{S}^3\to\mathbb{S}^2 be a harmonic map, where both spheres have their round metrics. Let π:S3S2\pi:\mathbb{S}^3\to\mathbb{S}^2 be the Hopf fibration. Eells' conjecture. Every such map factors as

f=gπ,f=g\circ\pi,

where g:S2S2g:\mathbb{S}^2\to\mathbb{S}^2 is a conformal map. This remains open in general; the paper proves it under suitable conditions on the Hessian and singular values of ff.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Athanasios Georgakopoulos, Marco Magliaro, Luciano Mari and Andreas Savas-Halilaj, “Harmonic maps from S^3 to S^2 and the rigidity of the Hopf fibration”, arXiv:2511.16522 (2026).

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