The geography conjecture for closed aspherical 4-manifolds

Let XX be a closed oriented aspherical 4-manifold. Write χ(X)\chi(X) for its Euler characteristic and σ(X)\sigma(X) for its signature. Geography conjecture. One should have

χ(X)σ(X).\chi(X)\geq |\sigma(X)|.

This is a four-dimensional consequence of Singer's conjecture and would imply the Hopf–Thurston non-negativity conjecture for Euler characteristics. The paper proves that the inequality is sharp by constructing examples with χ(X)=σ(X)=n\chi(X)=\sigma(X)=n for every natural number nn, but does not state that the inequality itself is resolved in full.

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Primary source

Pietro Capovilla, “Aspherical 4-manifolds with positive Euler characteristic and their geography”, arXiv:2511.15577 (2025).

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