Ji–Xie conjecture on non-conjugate rational maps with equal multiplier spectra

Let ff and gg be non-conjugate rational maps of degree d2d\geq2. Their multiplier spectrum is the collection of multipliers of periodic points, counted with the multiplicities specified in the spectrum. Two rational maps are equivalent, written fgf\sim g, if they are connected by a finite chain of elementary transformations, where an elementary transformation replaces h1h2h_1\circ h_2 by h2h1h_2\circ h_1.

Ji–Xie conjecture. If ff and gg have the same multiplier spectrum, then one of the following holds: ff and gg are Lattès maps, or fgf\sim g.

This conjecture identifies Lattès maps and equivalence by elementary transformations as the only known obstructions to injectivity of the multiplier-spectrum map on rational maps. It was posed by Pakovich and conjectured by Ji and Xie; the supplied source gives no resolution, so its status is open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Geng-Rui Zhang, “On the multiplier spectrum of polynomials”, arXiv:2511.13437 (2026).

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