Tameness under bounded gaps for Ulam expansions

Let (a,b)(a,b) be coprime, let U(a,b)U(a,b) be the associated Ulam sequence, and write its consecutive gaps as gkg_k. Condition (R3) means that there exists BB such that all gaps gkg_k are at most BB. Tameness under bounded gaps. If U(a,b)U(a,b) satisfies (R3), then:

  1. The expansion Ua,b\mathcal{U}_{a,b} is NIP.
  2. For any formula φ(x;y)\varphi(x;y) in the language {0,1,+,Ua,b}\{0,1,+,\mathrm{U}_{a,b}\} with x=1|x|=1, the VC-dimension of the family {φ(N;b):bNy}\{\varphi(\mathbb{N};b):b\in\mathbb{N}^{|y|}\} is finite.

Bounded gaps are expected to force model-theoretic tameness, but the source states that complete proofs are not available under (R3) alone. The conjecture is open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Frank Gilson, “Arithmetical Complexity and Absoluteness of Rigidity Phenomena for Ulam Sequences”, arXiv:2511.13066 (2025).

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