Tameness under bounded gaps for Ulam expansions

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Let (a,b)(a,b) be coprime, let U(a,b)U(a,b) be the associated Ulam sequence, and write its consecutive gaps as gkg_k. Condition (R3) means that there exists BB such that all gaps gkg_k are at most BB. Tameness under bounded gaps. If U(a,b)U(a,b) satisfies (R3), then:

  1. The expansion Ua,b\mathcal{U}_{a,b} is NIP.
  2. For any formula φ(x;y)\varphi(x;y) in the language {0,1,+,Ua,b}\{0,1,+,\mathrm{U}_{a,b}\} with ∣x∣=1|x|=1, the VC-dimension of the family {φ(N;b):b∈N∣y∣}\{\varphi(\mathbb{N};b):b\in\mathbb{N}^{|y|}\} is finite.

Bounded gaps are expected to force model-theoretic tameness, but the source states that complete proofs are not available under (R3) alone. The conjecture is open.

References

Primary source

Frank Gilson, “Arithmetical Complexity and Absoluteness of Rigidity Phenomena for Ulam Sequences”, arXiv:2511.13066 (2025).

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