Finite-dimensionality conjecture for polynomial-growth biharmonic functions

Let MM be an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature, and consider the vector space of biharmonic functions on MM, where biharmonic means satisfying

Δ2u=0.\Delta^2u=0.

For a fixed growth rate, restrict to biharmonic functions with polynomial growth of that rate. Biharmonic finite-dimensionality conjecture. This space is finite dimensional. The source presents this as an extension of Yau's conjecture from harmonic to biharmonic functions on open manifolds; the resolution status is not specified.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Lin Wang and Miaomiao Zhu, “The qualitative behavior for biharmonic functions on open manifolds”, arXiv:2511.09393 (2025).

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