Finite-dimensionality conjecture for bounded biharmonic functions on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature

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Let MM be an open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature, and let uu be a bounded biharmonic function on MM, meaning that abla4u=0 abla^4 u=0 in the source's terminology via the biharmonic equation Delta2u=0Delta^2u=0. Bounded biharmonic-function conjecture. Every bounded biharmonic function on MM is constant. The source presents this as a natural conjecture because bounded biharmonic functions can be nonconstant on some complete noncompact manifolds, while the resolution status is not specified.

References

Primary source

Lin Wang and Miaomiao Zhu, “The qualitative behavior for biharmonic functions on open manifolds”, arXiv:2511.09393 (2025).

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