Boundary equilibrium bifurcation under variation of an ablation parameter

Consider the piecewise glacial cycles system

, with ablation parameters $b_1$ and $b_2$. A boundary equilibrium bifurcation is a bifurcation at which an equilibrium on a switching boundary satisfies the relevant nondegeneracy condition. **Boundary-equilibrium-bifurcation conjecture.** Varying $b_1$ or $b_2$, the system

exhibits a boundary equilibrium bifurcation. The claim concerns parameter-driven changes in the type of equilibrium, but the supplied text gives only a proof idea and no verification of the bifurcation conditions.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Oleg Makarenkov and Esther Widiasih, “Bifurcation of Limit Cycles from a Fold-Fold Singularity in a Glacial Cycles Model”, arXiv:2511.02143 (2025).

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