The affine Laumon partition function conjecture for the non-stationary difference equation

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Let NN be a positive integer, let xix_i, bib_i, did_i, and d‾i\overline{d}_i be parameters, and let Hgl^N(xi;bi,di,d‾i,q,κ)\mathcal{H}^{{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N}}(x_i;b_i,d_i,\overline{d}_i,q,\kappa) be the gl^N{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N} non-stationary difference operator. Define

ψ=∑θ1,…,θN=0∞cθ1,…,θNx1θ1⋯xNθN,c0,…,0=1.\psi=\sum_{\theta_1,\ldots,\theta_N=0}^{\infty}c_{\theta_1,\ldots,\theta_N}x_1^{\theta_1}\cdots x_N^{\theta_N},\qquad c_{0,\ldots,0}=1.

The affine Laumon partition function provides a solution of the non-stationary difference equation

Hgl^N(xi;bi,di,d‾i,q,κ)ψ=ψ,\mathcal{H}^{{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N}}(x_i;b_i,d_i,\overline{d}_i,q,\kappa)\psi=\psi,

where ψ\psi is the gl^N{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N} Laumon partition function with the parametrization

ψ=ZALgl^N(qκbNdN,qκb1d1,…,qκbN−1dN−1b1,b2,…,bNfracb1d‾1,b2d‾2,…,bNd‾N∣b2d1d‾1qκb1x1,b3d2d‾2qκb2x2,…,b1dNd‾NqκbNxN∣q,κ).\psi=\mathcal{Z}_{\mathrm{AL}}^{{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N}}\left(\left.\left.\begin{array}{ccc} \frac{q\kappa b_N}{d_N},\frac{q\kappa b_1}{d_1},\ldots,\frac{q\kappa b_{N-1}}{d_{N-1}}\\b_1,b_2,\ldots,b_N\\frac{b_1}{\overline{d}_1},\frac{b_2}{\overline{d}_2},\ldots,\frac{b_N}{\overline{d}_N}\end{array}\right|\sqrt{\frac{b_2d_1\overline{d}_1}{q\kappa b_1}}x_1,\sqrt{\frac{b_3d_2\overline{d}_2}{q\kappa b_2}}x_2,\ldots,\sqrt{\frac{b_1d_N\overline{d}_N}{q\kappa b_N}}x_N\right|q,\kappa\right).

This conjecture extends the established A1(1)A_1^{(1)} case to type AN−1(1)A_{N-1}^{(1)} and predicts a connection between affine Laumon partition functions, non-stationary difference equations, and quantum affine algebraic structures. The general statement is presented as the paper's main claim, while the supplied text gives no resolution beyond the previously proved A1(1)A_1^{(1)} case.

References

Primary source

Hidetoshi Awata, Koji Hasegawa, Hiroaki Kanno, Ryo Ohkawa, Shamil Shakirov, Jun'ichi Shiraishi and Yasuhiko Yamada, “Non-stationary difference equation and affine Laumon space III : Generalization to gl_N”, arXiv:2510.27142 (2026).

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