The parking-function formula for the second tree inversion enumerator

From papers

Let In(q,t)I_n(q,t) and I~n(q,t)\widetilde{I}_n(q,t) be the two tt-analogues of the tree inversion enumerator, let PF(n)\mathrm{PF}(n) denote the set of parking functions of length nn, and for πPF(n)\pi\in\mathrm{PF}(n) let oc(π)\mathrm{oc}(\pi) be its parking outcome permutation. Write cosum(a)\mathrm{cosum}(a) for the cosum statistic and des(σ)\mathrm{des}(\sigma) for the number of descents of a permutation σ\sigma. Parking-function formula. Computational evidence suggests that

I~n(q,t)=πPF(n)qcosum(a)tdes(oc(π)).\widetilde{I}_n(q,t) = \sum_{\pi \in \mathrm{PF}(n)}q^{\mathrm{cosum}(a)}t^{\mathrm{des}(\mathrm{oc}(\pi))}.

The analogous formula for In(q,t)I_n(q,t) is known from Stanley and Yin, whereas no such generating-function interpretation was previously available for I~n(q,t)\widetilde{I}_n(q,t).

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sam Hopkins, “Two t-analogues of the tree inversion enumerator”, arXiv:2510.22385 (2026).

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