The closed-form conjecture for the optimal Schatten norm constant for m matrices

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Let Mn(C)=Cn×nM_n(\mathbb C)=\mathbb C^{n\times n}, and for A∈Mn(C)A\in M_n(\mathbb C) write ∣A∣=(A∗A)1/2|A|=(A^*A)^{1/2}. For p>1p>1 and m≥2m\geq2, let cp(m)c_p(m) be the smallest number such that

∥∑k=1mAk∥p≤cp(m)∥∑k=1m∣Ak∣∥p\left\|\sum_{k=1}^m A_k\right\|_p\leq c_p(m)\left\|\sum_{k=1}^m|A_k|\right\|_p

for all A1,…,Am∈Mn(C)A_1,\dots,A_m\in M_n(\mathbb C). The closed-form conjecture. If xp,m>0x_{p,m}>0 is the positive solution of

xp−2x−(m−1)=0,x^p-2x-(m-1)=0,

then

cp(m)=xp,m(xp,m+m−1)(xp,m p+m−1)1/p.c_p(m)=\frac{\sqrt{x_{p,m}(x_{p,m}+m-1)}}{\left(x_{p,m}^{\,p}+m-1\right)^{1/p}}.

This conjecture extends Lee's problem from two matrices to an arbitrary number of matrices and is motivated by numerical experiments. The paper notes that the formula recovers the known cases p=1,2,∞p=1,2,\infty, while the optimal value for general p>1p>1 is the unresolved issue addressed by the conjecture.

References

Primary source

Quanyu Tang and Shu Zhang, “Generalizing Lee's conjecture on the sum of absolute values of matrices”, arXiv:2510.16846 (2025).

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