The rational-base equidistribution conjecture for iterated ceiling maps

From papers

Let p>q1p>q\geq 1 be coprime integers and define Tp/q(x)=pqxT_{p/q}(x)=\left\lceil\frac{p}{q}x\right\rceil. The rational-base equidistribution conjecture. For every nN>0n\in\mathbb N_{>0} and every nonnegative integer kk, the sequence

(Tp/ql(n))lN(T_{p/q}^l(n))_{l\in\mathbb N}

is equidistributed in the residue classes modulo qkq^k. The paper states that this conjecture is equivalent to the normality conjecture for minimal words and hence is likewise open in general.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Mélodie Andrieu, Shalom Eliahou and Léo Vivion, “A Normality Conjecture on Rational Base Number Systems”, arXiv:2510.11723 (2026).

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