Conjecture on the floor-function sum for two primes congruent to 3 modulo 4

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Let pp and qq be distinct primes with p≡q≡3(mod4)p\equiv q\equiv3\pmod{4}, let α,β≥1\alpha,\beta\geq1, and define

Sn:=1n∑k=1n−1Rem⁡(k2÷n).S_n:=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\operatorname{Rem}(k^2\div n).

Set h∗(−p)=h(−p)h^*(-p)=h(-p) for p≥7p\geq7 and h∗(−3)=1/3h^*(-3)=1/3. The same-congruence class-number conjecture. For n=pαqβn=p^\alpha q^\beta,

Sn=n−p⌊α/2⌋q⌊β/2⌋2−(q⌊β/2⌋−1q−1(pq)+q⌊β/2⌋+1−1q−1)p⌊(α+1)/2⌋−1p−1h∗(−p)−(p⌊α/2⌋−1p−1(qp)+p⌊α/2⌋+1−1p−1)q⌊(β+1)/2⌋−1q−1h∗(−q).S_n=\frac{n-p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor}}{2}-\left(\frac{q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor}-1}{q-1}\left(\frac pq\right)+\frac{q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor+1}-1}{q-1}\right)\frac{p^{\lfloor(\alpha+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}h^*(-p)-\left(\frac{p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}\left(\frac qp\right)+\frac{p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor+1}-1}{p-1}\right)\frac{q^{\lfloor(\beta+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{q-1}h^*(-q).

The case α=β=1\alpha=\beta=1 specializes to the displayed formula for SpqS_{pq} and yields the corresponding formula for f(pq)f(pq); the general identity is presented as conjectural.

References

Primary source

Marc Chamberland and Karl Dilcher, “Sums of the floor function related to class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields”, arXiv:2510.04387 (2025).

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