Conjecture on the floor-function sum for two primes congruent to 3 modulo 4

Let pp and qq be distinct primes with pq3(mod4)p\equiv q\equiv3\pmod{4}, let α,β1\alpha,\beta\geq1, and define

Sn:=1nk=1n1Rem(k2÷n).S_n:=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\operatorname{Rem}(k^2\div n).

Set h(p)=h(p)h^*(-p)=h(-p) for p7p\geq7 and h(3)=1/3h^*(-3)=1/3. The same-congruence class-number conjecture. For n=pαqβn=p^\alpha q^\beta,

Sn=npα/2qβ/22(qβ/21q1(pq)+qβ/2+11q1)p(α+1)/21p1h(p)(pα/21p1(qp)+pα/2+11p1)q(β+1)/21q1h(q).S_n=\frac{n-p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor}}{2}-\left(\frac{q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor}-1}{q-1}\left(\frac pq\right)+\frac{q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor+1}-1}{q-1}\right)\frac{p^{\lfloor(\alpha+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}h^*(-p)-\left(\frac{p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}\left(\frac qp\right)+\frac{p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor+1}-1}{p-1}\right)\frac{q^{\lfloor(\beta+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{q-1}h^*(-q).

The case α=β=1\alpha=\beta=1 specializes to the displayed formula for SpqS_{pq} and yields the corresponding formula for f(pq)f(pq); the general identity is presented as conjectural.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Marc Chamberland and Karl Dilcher, “Sums of the floor function related to class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields”, arXiv:2510.04387 (2025).

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