Conjecture on the floor-function sum for a product of powers of primes modulo 4

From papers

Let pp and qq be distinct primes, let α,β1\alpha,\beta\geq 1, and define

Sn:=1nk=1n1Rem(k2÷n).S_n:=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\operatorname{Rem}(k^2\div n).

Also set h(p)=h(p)h^*(-p)=h(-p) for p7p\geq 7 and h(3)=1/3h^*(-3)=1/3. The mixed-congruence class-number conjecture. If n=pαqβn=p^\alpha q^\beta with p1(mod4)p\equiv1\pmod{4} and q3(mod4)q\equiv3\pmod{4}, then

Sn=npα/2qβ/22q(β+1)/21q1((p(α+2)/21p1pα/21p1(pq))h(q)p(α+1)/21p1h(pq)).S_n=\frac{n-p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor}}{2}-\frac{q^{\lfloor(\beta+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{q-1}\left(\left(\frac{p^{\lfloor(\alpha+2)/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}-\frac{p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}\left(\frac pq\right)\right)h^*(-q)-\frac{p^{\lfloor(\alpha+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}h^*(-pq)\right).

This is one of the identities suggested by extensive computations for products having distinct prime factors, extending the previously proved prime-power cases; its resolution is not given in the supplied text.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Marc Chamberland and Karl Dilcher, “Sums of the floor function related to class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields”, arXiv:2510.04387 (2025).

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