Conjecture on the floor-function sum for a product of powers of primes modulo 4

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Let pp and qq be distinct primes, let α,β≥1\alpha,\beta\geq 1, and define

Sn:=1n∑k=1n−1Rem⁡(k2÷n).S_n:=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\operatorname{Rem}(k^2\div n).

Also set h∗(−p)=h(−p)h^*(-p)=h(-p) for p≥7p\geq 7 and h∗(−3)=1/3h^*(-3)=1/3. The mixed-congruence class-number conjecture. If n=pαqβn=p^\alpha q^\beta with p≡1(mod4)p\equiv1\pmod{4} and q≡3(mod4)q\equiv3\pmod{4}, then

Sn=n−p⌊α/2⌋q⌊β/2⌋2−q⌊(β+1)/2⌋−1q−1((p⌊(α+2)/2⌋−1p−1−p⌊α/2⌋−1p−1(pq))h∗(−q)−p⌊(α+1)/2⌋−1p−1h∗(−pq)).S_n=\frac{n-p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}q^{\lfloor\beta/2\rfloor}}{2}-\frac{q^{\lfloor(\beta+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{q-1}\left(\left(\frac{p^{\lfloor(\alpha+2)/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}-\frac{p^{\lfloor\alpha/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}\left(\frac pq\right)\right)h^*(-q)-\frac{p^{\lfloor(\alpha+1)/2\rfloor}-1}{p-1}h^*(-pq)\right).

This is one of the identities suggested by extensive computations for products having distinct prime factors, extending the previously proved prime-power cases; its resolution is not given in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Marc Chamberland and Karl Dilcher, “Sums of the floor function related to class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields”, arXiv:2510.04387 (2025).

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