Chen–Zhu conjecture on primes in the gaps of a numerical semigroup

Let G0(a,b)G_0(a,b) be the set of gaps of the numerical semigroup generated by aa and bb, let g0,a,bg_{0,a,b} be its Frobenius number, and let π0,a,b∗\pi^*_{0,a,b} be the number of primes in G0(a,b)G_0(a,b). Let π(x)\pi(x) denote the number of primes not exceeding xx. Chen–Zhu conjecture. For coprime integers b>a≥1b>a\geq1,

π0,a,b∗≥12π(g0,a,b),\pi^*_{0,a,b}\geq\frac{1}{2}\pi(g_{0,a,b}),

with equality if and only if one of the following holds:

(1) a=1;(2) (a,b)=(2,3);(3) (a,b)=(2,5);(4) (a,b)=(3,5).(1)\ a=1;\qquad (2)\ (a,b)=(2,3);\qquad (3)\ (a,b)=(2,5);\qquad (4)\ (a,b)=(3,5).

The conjecture concerns the distribution of primes among the gaps of a two-generated numerical semigroup. The supplied text gives no resolution status for it, so it is recorded as open.

References

Primary source

Yuchen Ding, Takao Komatsu and Honghu Liu, “Primes of the form ax+by in certain intervals with small solutions”, arXiv:2510.01781 (2025).

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