Safronov's Langlands duality conjecture for critical cohomology of character stacks

Let MM be a compact oriented 33-manifold, let GG be a connected reductive algebraic group, and let GG^{\vee} be the Langlands dual of GG. Write LocG(M)\mathcal{L}\mathrm{oc}_G(M) for the moduli stack of GG-local systems on MM, and let Hcrit(LocG(M))\mathrm{H}^*_{\mathrm{crit}}(\mathcal{L}\mathrm{oc}_G(M)) denote its critical cohomology.

Safronov's conjecture. There is a natural isomorphism

Hcrit(LocG(M))Hcrit(LocG(M)).\mathrm{H}^*_{\mathrm{crit}}(\mathcal{L}\mathrm{oc}_G(M)) \cong \mathrm{H}^*_{\mathrm{crit}}(\mathcal{L}\mathrm{oc}_{G^{\vee}}(M)).

This proposes a Langlands duality for the critical cohomology of character stacks of 33-manifolds. The source presents it as an application of the BPS decomposition theorem; no resolution is specified here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Lucien Hennecart and Tasuki Kinjo, “The BPS decomposition theorem”, arXiv:2509.21298 (2025).

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