CGS and Muirhead conjecture for Macdonald polynomials

From papers

Let λ\lambda and μ\mu be partitions with λ=μ|\lambda|=|\mu|. Let Pλ(x;q,t)P_\lambda(x;q,t) be the Macdonald polynomial, MS(F0)\mathcal M_S(\mathbb F_{\geqslant0}) the Muirhead semiring over the Macdonald positivity cone, and let F0R\mathbb F_{\geqslant0}^{\mathbb R} be its real extension. CGS–Muirhead conjecture for Macdonald polynomials. The following are equivalent:

Pλ(x;q,t)Pλ(1;q,t)Pμ(x;q,t)Pμ(1;q,t)MS(F0).\frac{P_\lambda(x;q,t)}{P_\lambda(\bm1;q,t)}-\frac{P_\mu(x;q,t)}{P_\mu(\bm1;q,t)}\in\mathcal M_S(\mathbb F_{\geqslant0}).
Pλ(x;q,t)Pλ(1;q,t)Pμ(x;q,t)Pμ(1;q,t)F0R,x[0,)n.\frac{P_\lambda(x;q,t)}{P_\lambda(\bm1;q,t)}-\frac{P_\mu(x;q,t)}{P_\mu(\bm1;q,t)}\in\mathbb F_{\geqslant0}^{\mathbb R},\qquad \forall x\in[0,\infty)^n.
  1. For some fixed q0,t0(1,)q_0,t_0\in(1,\infty), the same difference at (q0,t0)(q_0,t_0) is nonnegative for every x[0,)nx\in[0,\infty)^n.
  2. For some fixed q0,t0(1,)q_0,t_0\in(1,\infty), the same difference at (q0,t0)(q_0,t_0) is nonnegative for every x(0,1)n(1,)nx\in(0,1)^n\cup(1,\infty)^n.
  3. λ\lambda majorizes μ\mu. The supplied text proves implications between consecutive assertions and special cases, but not the general equivalence.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Hong Chen, Apoorva Khare and Siddhartha Sahi, “Majorization via positivity of Jack and Macdonald polynomial differences”, arXiv:2509.19649 (2026).

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