Theta-function image conjecture for positive-definite even unimodular forms

Let Q ⁣:ZdZQ\colon\mathbb{Z}^d\to\mathbb{Z} be positive definite and unimodular, let bb be the corresponding even bilinear form, and let ΘQ=Θb\Theta_Q=\Theta_b be its theta function. Let MdM_{-d} denote integral weakly holomorphic modular forms of weight d-d. Theta-function image conjecture. The image of dbπ2dTMF\mathfrak{d}_b\in\pi_{-2d}\operatorname{TMF} under the edge homomorphism π2dTMFMd\pi_{-2d}\operatorname{TMF}\to M_{-d} is ±Δd8ΘQ\pm\Delta^{-\frac{d}{8}}\Theta_Q. This conjecture relates the TMF invariant to the partition function of the associated lattice conformal field theory; resolving it would identify the proposed refinement of the classical theta function.

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Primary source

Sergei Gukov, Vyacheslav Krushkal, Lennart Meier and Du Pei, “A new approach to (3+1)-dimensional TQFTs via topological modular forms”, arXiv:2509.12402 (2025).

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