Koksma's analytic composition conjecture

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Let (un)n∈N(u_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}} satisfy the conditions of the cited Koksma theorem, and let f1,…,fk:R→Rf_1,\dots,f_k:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} be analytic functions such that 1,f1,…,fk1,f_1,\dots,f_k are linearly independent. Koksma's analytic composition conjecture. For almost every x∈Rx\in\mathbb{R}, the sequence

(un(f1(x)),…,un(fk(x)))n∈N\big(u_n(f_1(x)),\dots,u_n(f_k(x))\big)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}

is uniformly distributed in Tk\mathbb{T}^k. This is proposed as a curve version of Koksma's theorem; the preceding example shows why linear independence alone requires care, and the claim remains open.

References

Primary source

Vitaly Bergelson and Joel Moreira, “Metric uniform distribution on analytic curves”, arXiv:2509.06909 (2025).

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