Koksma's analytic composition conjecture

Let (un)nN(u_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}} satisfy the conditions of the cited Koksma theorem, and let f1,,fk:RRf_1,\dots,f_k:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} be analytic functions such that 1,f1,,fk1,f_1,\dots,f_k are linearly independent. Koksma's analytic composition conjecture. For almost every xRx\in\mathbb{R}, the sequence

(un(f1(x)),,un(fk(x)))nN\big(u_n(f_1(x)),\dots,u_n(f_k(x))\big)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}

is uniformly distributed in Tk\mathbb{T}^k. This is proposed as a curve version of Koksma's theorem; the preceding example shows why linear independence alone requires care, and the claim remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Vitaly Bergelson and Joel Moreira, “Metric uniform distribution on analytic curves”, arXiv:2509.06909 (2025).

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