Strong and powerful tableau bounds for chromatic symmetric function coefficients

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Let PP) be a (3+1)(\mathbf{3}+\mathbf{1})-free poset, let λ\lambda be a partition, and let cλPc_\lambda^P denote the coefficient of eλ(x)e_\lambda(\mathbf{x}) in Xinc⁡(P)(x)X_{\operatorname{inc}(P)}(\mathbf{x}). Let strongST⁡P(λ)\operatorname{strongST}_P(\lambda) and powST⁡P(λ)\operatorname{powST}_P(\lambda) be the sets of strong and powerful standard PP-tableaux of shape λ\lambda. Strong and powerful tableau bounds conjecture. For a (3+1)(\mathbf{3}+\mathbf{1})-free poset PP,

#strongST⁡P(λ)≤cλP≤#powST⁡P(λ).\#\operatorname{strongST}_P(\lambda)\leq c_\lambda^P\leq\#\operatorname{powST}_P(\lambda).

These conjectured bounds seek a combinatorial interpretation of the elementary-basis coefficients of chromatic symmetric functions. The paper also proposes refinements for natural unit interval orders and reports verification in small cases.

References

Primary source

Isaiah Siegl, “Toward Lower Bounds for Chromatic Symmetric Functions in the Elementary Basis”, arXiv:2509.02841 (2026).

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