Strong and powerful tableau bounds for chromatic symmetric function coefficients

Let PP) be a (3+1)(\mathbf{3}+\mathbf{1})-free poset, let λ\lambda be a partition, and let cλPc_\lambda^P denote the coefficient of eλ(x)e_\lambda(\mathbf{x}) in Xinc(P)(x)X_{\operatorname{inc}(P)}(\mathbf{x}). Let strongSTP(λ)\operatorname{strongST}_P(\lambda) and powSTP(λ)\operatorname{powST}_P(\lambda) be the sets of strong and powerful standard PP-tableaux of shape λ\lambda. Strong and powerful tableau bounds conjecture. For a (3+1)(\mathbf{3}+\mathbf{1})-free poset PP,

#strongSTP(λ)cλP#powSTP(λ).\#\operatorname{strongST}_P(\lambda)\leq c_\lambda^P\leq\#\operatorname{powST}_P(\lambda).

These conjectured bounds seek a combinatorial interpretation of the elementary-basis coefficients of chromatic symmetric functions. The paper also proposes refinements for natural unit interval orders and reports verification in small cases.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Isaiah Siegl, “Toward Lower Bounds for Chromatic Symmetric Functions in the Elementary Basis”, arXiv:2509.02841 (2026).

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