Amdeberhan's conjectured q-series identity involving Riordan numbers

From papers

Let λ=(λ1,λ2,,λr)\lambda=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\ldots,\lambda_r) be a partition, and define

gλ(q)=j=1rqλj1+qλj.g_\lambda(q)=\prod_{j=1}^r \frac{q^{\lambda_j}}{1+q^{\lambda_j}}.

For a partition λ\lambda, let zλz_\lambda be the standard symmetric-function multiplicity factor; retain the notation Ev(λ)\operatorname{Ev}(\lambda), (λ~)\ell(\tilde{\lambda}), and χλ~μ\chi^\mu_{\tilde{\lambda}}, and let R2N+1(2n)R_{2N+1}(2n) and R2Nc(2n)R^c_{2N}(2n) denote the partition sets specified in the paper. Amdeberhan's conjecture. For all integers N1N\geq 1,

n0λngλ(q)zλλ~Ev(λ)μR2N+1(2n)(1)(λ~)χλ~μ=n0λngλ(q)zλλ~Ev(λ)μR2Nc(2n)χλ~μ.\sum_{n\geq 0}\sum_{\lambda\vdash n}\frac{g_\lambda(q)}{z_\lambda}\sum_{\tilde{\lambda}\in\operatorname{Ev}(\lambda)}\sum_{\mu\in R_{2N+1}(2n)}(-1)^{\ell(\tilde{\lambda})}\chi^\mu_{\tilde{\lambda}}=\sum_{n\geq 0}\sum_{\lambda\vdash n}\frac{g_\lambda(q)}{z_\lambda}\sum_{\tilde{\lambda}\in\operatorname{Ev}(\lambda)}\sum_{\mu\in R^c_{2N}(2n)}\chi^\mu_{\tilde{\lambda}}.

The identity is attributed to Tewodros Amdeberhan and is motivated by an earlier question; the paper reports finite-order verification for examples, including N=1N=1, but does not establish the conjecture in general.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

David J. Hemmer, Armin Straub and Karlee Westrem, “New Identities in the Character Table of Symmetric Groups involving Riordan Numbers”, arXiv:2509.02796 (2025).

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