The factor-free valley square conjecture

For n,kNn,k\in\mathbb{N}, let Θek\Theta_{e_k}, \nabla, and ω\omega be the indicated symmetric-function operators, let pnp_n be the power-sum symmetric function, and let LRP(n+k,n+k)k\mathsf{LRP}'(n+k,n+k)^{\bullet k} be the subset of valley-decorated labeled square paths in which the bottom-most vertical step lying on the base diagonal is not decorated. Factor-free valley square conjecture.

Θekω(pn)=πLRP(n+k,n+k)kqdinv(π)tarea(π)xπ.\Theta_{e_k}\nabla\omega(p_n)=\sum_{\pi\in\mathsf{LRP}'(n+k,n+k)^{\bullet k}}q^{\mathsf{dinv}(\pi)}t^{\mathsf{area}(\pi)}x^\pi.

The source emphasizes that this version has no multiplicative factor, but gives no resolution; it remains open here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alessandro Iraci, Roberto Pagaria and Giovanni Paolini, “Falling stars: a fall-decorated rational shuffle theorem”, arXiv:2508.20935 (2026).

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