Lieb's permanent dominance conjecture for immanants

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Let AA be a positive semidefinite Hermitian matrix, let λ⊢n\lambda\vdash n be a partition, let χλ\chi^{\lambda} be the irreducible character of Sn\mathfrak{S}_n indexed by λ\lambda, and let Imm⁡χλ(A)\operatorname{Imm}_{\chi^{\lambda}}(A) denote the corresponding λ\lambda-immanant. Write per⁡(A)\operatorname{per}(A) for the permanent of AA. Lieb's conjecture. For every such AA and λ\lambda, the permanent dominates the λ\lambda-immanant:

χλ(1)per⁡(A)≥Imm⁡χλ(A).\chi^{\lambda}(1)\operatorname{per}(A)\geq \operatorname{Imm}_{\chi^{\lambda}}(A).

The paper describes determining the maximal immanant as a longstanding open problem, and presents this conjecture as Lieb's proposed answer; no resolution is supplied in the given text.

References

Primary source

Naihuan Jing, Yinlong Liu and Jian Zhang, “Immanant inequalities and weight spaces”, arXiv:2508.20382 (2025).

Additional references

4 papers in this index state this conjecture (2018–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2202.01867, arXiv:2101.03428, arXiv:1804.02231.

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