Monotonicity conjecture for the random billiard walk variance

Let bSd1b\in S^{d-1} be a direction, let p(0,1)p\in(0,1) be the parameter, and let σb,p2\sigma_{b,p}^2 denote the variance of the random billiard walk in direction bb. Monotonicity conjecture. For every fixed bSd1b\in S^{d-1}, σb,p2\sigma_{b,p}^2 is monotone in pp. Little is known about this variance; the paper notes that it extends continuously to Sd1×(0,1)S^{d-1}\times(0,1) and has a simple form for certain Coxeter directions, but does not provide a resolution of this monotonicity claim.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ruben Carpenter, “Taming Irrationality: An Invariance Principle for the Random Billiard Walk”, arXiv:2508.12849 (2025).

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