Ramond unitarity conjecture for minimal W-algebra highest weight modules

From papers

Let Wmink(g)W^k_{\min}(\mathfrak g) be the minimal WW-algebra and let LRW(ν,)L^W_R(\nu,\ell) denote a Ramond twisted highest weight module. Let AR(k,ν)A_R(k,\nu) be the Ramond analogue of the conformal-weight bound, and call ν\nu Ramond extremal when it satisfies the Ramond extremality condition. The already established unitary modules are

{LRW(ν,)ν is not Ramond extremal, AR(k,ν)}.\left\{L^W_R(\nu,\ell)\mid \nu\text{ is not Ramond extremal},\ \ell\ge A_R(k,\nu)\right\}.

Ramond unitarity conjecture. The set of unitary highest weight modules over Wmink(g)W^k_{\min}(\mathfrak g) is the union of

{LRW(ν,)ν is not Ramond extremal, AR(k,ν)}\left\{L^W_R(\nu,\ell)\mid \nu\text{ is not Ramond extremal},\ \ell\ge A_R(k,\nu)\right\}

and

{LRW(ν,A(k,ν))ν is Ramond extremal}.\left\{L^W_R(\nu,A(k,\nu))\mid \nu\text{ is Ramond extremal}\right\}.

The non-Ramond-extremal case is stated as a theorem, whereas the source explicitly says that unitarity in the Ramond-extremal case is not known.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Victor G. Kac, Pierluigi Möseneder Frajria and Paolo Papi, “Spectral flow and application to unitarity of representations of minimal W-algebras”, arXiv:2508.06873 (2026).

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