Density conjecture for pleated surfaces in the complex character variety

From papers

Let SS be a closed surface with fundamental group Γ\Gamma, let d2d\geq 2, and let λ\lambda be a maximal geodesic lamination on SS. Denote by R(λ,d)\mathfrak R(\lambda,d) the space of conjugacy classes of dd-pleated surfaces with pleating locus λ\lambda, and by X(Γ,PGLd(C))\mathfrak X(\Gamma,\operatorname{\mathsf{PGL}}_d(\operatorname{\mathbb{C}})) the character variety of representations of Γ\Gamma into PGLd(C)\operatorname{\mathsf{PGL}}_d(\operatorname{\mathbb{C}}). Density conjecture. For every maximal geodesic lamination λ\lambda, the space R(λ,d)\mathfrak R(\lambda,d) is dense in

X(Γ,PGLd(C)).\mathfrak X(\Gamma,\operatorname{\mathsf{PGL}}_d(\operatorname{\mathbb{C}})).

Equivalently, every representation from Γ\Gamma to PGLd(C)\operatorname{\mathsf{PGL}}_d(\operatorname{\mathbb{C}}) can be approximated arbitrarily well by generalized bending deformations along λ\lambda of Hitchin representations. The preceding results show that these deformations meet every connected component of the character variety, but density within each component remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sara Maloni, Giuseppe Martone, Filippo Mazzoli and Tengren Zhang, “Topology of the space of d-pleated surfaces”, arXiv:2508.04813 (2025).

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