Branch-point characterization of focusing mKdV finite-gap solutions

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Consider the focusing mKdV hierarchy in the cases

g=su(2)org=ısu(2),\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{su}(2)\quad\text{or}\quad\mathfrak{g}=\imath\mathfrak{su}(2),

with the corresponding reality conditions

α2m∈ıR⁡,β2m−1=−γˉ2m−1,b∈ıR⁡,\alpha_{2m}\in\imath\operatorname{\mathbb{R}},\qquad \beta_{2m-1}=-\bar{\gamma}_{2m-1},\qquad \mathrm{b}\in\imath\operatorname{\mathbb{R}},

or

α2m∈ıR⁡,β2m−1=γˉ2m−1,b∈R⁡,\alpha_{2m}\in\imath\operatorname{\mathbb{R}},\qquad \beta_{2m-1}=\bar{\gamma}_{2m-1},\qquad \mathrm{b}\in\operatorname{\mathbb{R}},

for m=0,…,N−1m=0,\ldots,N-1. Let V\mathcal{V} be the associated hyperelliptic curve, and let JKIm⁡\mathfrak{J}^{\operatorname{\mathrm{Im}}}_K and JKRe⁡\mathfrak{J}^{\operatorname{\mathrm{Re}}}_K denote the relevant imaginary and real components of its Jacobian.

Branch-point characterization. All expressions given by the corresponding finite-gap formula comply with the first reality condition on u∈JKIm⁡u\in\mathfrak{J}^{\operatorname{\mathrm{Im}}}_K and with the second reality condition on u∈JKRe⁡u\in\mathfrak{J}^{\operatorname{\mathrm{Re}}}_K if and only if the branch points of V\mathcal{V} are 00, ∞\infty, and gg complex-conjugate pairs.

This characterizes the branch-point configuration producing the focusing mKdV reality conditions for the finite-gap expressions. The supplied text does not state whether this claim is proved or remains open.

References

Primary source

Julia Bernatska, “Exact quasi-periodic solutions to the MKdV equation”, arXiv:2507.23469 (2025).

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