Path-count recurrence for generalized action graphs of the super Catalan numbers

From papers

Let GnG_n be the graph associated with S(0,n)S(0,n), and let K,v,nK_{\ell,v,n} denote the number of paths of length \ell in GnG_n that start at a vertex labeled vv and end at a vertex labeled nn. Path-count recurrence conjecture. The number of paths of length \ell in Gn+1G_{n+1} that start at a vertex labeled vv and end at a vertex labeled n+1n+1 is given by

K,v,n+1=i=0n+1v22iK1+i,v,n.K_{\ell,v,n+1} = \displaystyle \sum_{i=0}^{n+1-\ell-v} \frac{2}{2^i} K_{\ell-1+i,v,n}.

The recurrence is intended to compute the entries of the nn-tables without explicitly counting every path. It has been checked through the 77-tables, but the general case remains unproved.

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Primary source

Drew Caldwell, Ali Cochran, Nathan Glisson, Bryce Jennings, Katy McDicken, Luke Proctor, Sarah Klanderman and Amelia Tebbe, “Catalan number sequences and generalized action graphs”, arXiv:2507.22719 (2025).

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