Frenkel–Hernandez positivity conjecture for affine Langlands branching

Let Uq(g^)\mathcal{U}_q(\hat{\mathfrak{g}}) and Uq(\leftindexLg^)\mathcal{U}_q(\leftindex^L{\hat{\mathfrak{g}}}) be Langlands-dual quantum affine algebras, let PP' be the specified sublattice of the weight lattice, and let Π\Pi send characters of representations whose weights lie in PP' to characters of the Langlands-dual algebra. Frenkel–Hernandez affine positivity conjecture. For every irreducible finite-dimensional representation VV of Uq(g^)\mathcal{U}_q(\hat{\mathfrak{g}}) whose highest weight lies in PP', there is a representation WW of Uq(\leftindexLg^)\mathcal{U}_q(\leftindex^L{\hat{\mathfrak{g}}}) such that

χσ(W)=Π(χ(V)).\chi^\sigma(W)=\Pi(\chi(V)).

Equivalently, Π(χ(V))\Pi(\chi(V)) is a positive sum of characters of irreducible representations of the Langlands-dual algebra. This is the stronger affine positivity statement and is presented as conjectural.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jingmin Guo, Jian-Rong Li and Keyu Wang, “Langlands branching rule for type B snake modules”, arXiv:2507.06570 (2026).

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