Lee's conjecture on the Frobenius norm

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Let MnM_n denote the space of n×nn\times n complex matrices, and let ∣A∣|A| denote the absolute value of a matrix A∈MnA\in M_n. Write ∥⋅∥F\|\cdot\|_F for the Frobenius norm.

Lee's conjecture. For all A,B∈MnA,B\in M_n,

∥A+B∥F≤1+22∥∣A∣+∣B∣∥F.\|A+B\|_F\le \sqrt{\dfrac{1+\sqrt{2}}{2}}\left\|\lvert A\rvert+\lvert B\rvert\right\|_F.

Lee's conjecture asks for the optimal constant in the corresponding Schatten-norm inequality. The Frobenius-norm case was proved by Lin and Zhang, so this conjecture is solved.

References

Primary source

Teng Zhang, “A new proof of Lee's conjecture on the Frobenius norm via the matrix Cauchy-Schwarz inequality”, arXiv:2507.02684 (2025).

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