Lee's conjecture on the Frobenius norm

From papers

Let MnM_n denote the space of n×nn\times n complex matrices, and let A|A| denote the absolute value of a matrix AMnA\in M_n. Write F\|\cdot\|_F for the Frobenius norm.

Lee's conjecture. For all A,BMnA,B\in M_n,

A+BF1+22A+BF.\|A+B\|_F\le \sqrt{\dfrac{1+\sqrt{2}}{2}}\left\|\lvert A\rvert+\lvert B\rvert\right\|_F.

Lee's conjecture asks for the optimal constant in the corresponding Schatten-norm inequality. The Frobenius-norm case was proved by Lin and Zhang, so this conjecture is solved.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Teng Zhang, “A new proof of Lee's conjecture on the Frobenius norm via the matrix Cauchy-Schwarz inequality”, arXiv:2507.02684 (2025).

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