Signless Laplacian spectral extremal graph conjecture for graph families

Let F\mathcal{F} be a finite family of graphs, let χ(F)\chi(\mathcal{F}) denote its chromatic number, and let ex(n,F)\operatorname{ex}(n,\mathcal{F}) be the maximum number of edges in an nn-vertex F\mathcal{F}-free graph. Let Tn,kT_{n,k} be the Turán graph and let Ex(n,F)\operatorname{Ex}(n,\mathcal{F}) be the set of nn-vertex F\mathcal{F}-free graphs with the maximum number of edges. Signless Laplacian spectral extremal graph conjecture. If F\mathcal{F} is a finite graph family with χ(F)=k+14\chi(\mathcal{F})=k+1\geq 4 and

ex(n,F)<e(Tn,k)+n2k,\operatorname{ex}(n,\mathcal{F})<e(T_{n,k})+\left\lfloor\frac{n}{2k}\right\rfloor,

then, for sufficiently large nn, every nn-vertex graph GG achieving the maximal signless Laplacian spectral radius among all nn-vertex F\mathcal{F}-free graphs belongs to Ex(n,F)\operatorname{Ex}(n,\mathcal{F}). This proposes that under the stated near-Turán extremal condition, signless-Laplacian spectral extremality and edge extremality have the same graphs; the cited adjacency-spectral analogue is known, but the signless-Laplacian version remains open in the supplied text.

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Primary source

Jian Zheng, Yongtao Li and Yi-Zheng Fan, “Some Turán-type results for the signless Laplacian spectral radius”, arXiv:2507.02263 (2026).

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