Idempotent conjecture for quandle rings of free products

Let XiiiI{X_i}_{i i I} be a family of quandles, and suppose that each integral quandle ring Z[Xi]\mathbb{Z}[X_i] has only trivial idempotents. Let iiIXi\star_{i i I}X_i denote their free product quandle. Free-product idempotent conjecture. The quandle ring Z[iiIXi]\mathbb{Z}[\star_{i i I}X_i] has only trivial idempotents. The claim is motivated by results for free quandles and certain free-product constructions, but remains conjectural in the stated generality.

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Primary source

Valeriy Bardakov, Mohamed Elhamdadi and Mahender Singh, “Yang-Baxter Equation and Related Algebraic Structures”, arXiv:2506.23175 (2025).

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