Billey–Pawlowski pattern-avoidance conjecture for multiplicity-free Stanley symmetric functions

Let GwG_w be the Stanley symmetric function of a permutation ww. Call GwG_w multiplicity-free when, in its Schur expansion, every coefficient is either 00 or 11. Billey–Pawlowski's pattern-avoidance conjecture. The multiplicity-free Stanley symmetric functions GwG_w are characterized by avoidance of 189 patterns in the symmetric groups S6S_6 through S11S_{11}. The source cites partial or subsequent work but does not state that the characterization has been proved in full.

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Primary source

Sara C. Billey, Yibo Gao and Brendan Pawlowski, “Introduction to the Cohomology of the Flag Variety”, arXiv:2506.21064 (2025).

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