Zhao's bipartite swapping conjecture

Let HH be a graph and let q2q\geq 2. Write KqK_q for the complete graph on qq vertices, and let H×K2H\times K_2 denote the categorical product with the two-vertex complete graph. Zhao's bipartite swapping conjecture.

hom(H,Kq)2hom(H×K2,Kq).\hom(H,K_q)^2 \leq \hom(H\times K_2,K_q).

This inequality is a proposed bipartite-swapping property for proper qq-colourings. The paper states that it remains unknown in general, although it is proved for several classes of graphs later in the paper.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Joonkyung Lee, Jaeseong Oh and Jaehyeon Seo, “Counting homomorphisms in antiferromagnetic graphs via Lorentzian polynomials”, arXiv:2506.13659 (2025).

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