Zhao's bipartite swapping conjecture

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Let HH be a graph and let q≥2q\geq 2. Write KqK_q for the complete graph on qq vertices, and let H×K2H\times K_2 denote the categorical product with the two-vertex complete graph. Zhao's bipartite swapping conjecture.

hom⁡(H,Kq)2≤hom⁡(H×K2,Kq).\hom(H,K_q)^2 \leq \hom(H\times K_2,K_q).

This inequality is a proposed bipartite-swapping property for proper qq-colourings. The paper states that it remains unknown in general, although it is proved for several classes of graphs later in the paper.

References

Primary source

Joonkyung Lee, Jaeseong Oh and Jaehyeon Seo, “Counting homomorphisms in antiferromagnetic graphs via Lorentzian polynomials”, arXiv:2506.13659 (2025).

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