The universal quadratic refinement of Sendov's conjecture

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Let β∈[0,1]\beta\in[0,1], let S(β)S(\beta) be the set of polynomials of degree at least 22 with complex coefficients, all roots in the closed unit disk, and at least one root at β\beta, and let d(P,β)d(P,\beta) be the distance from β\beta to the closest root of P′P'. The universal quadratic refinement conjecture. There is a constant c≈0.233c\approx0.233 such that, for every P∈S(β)P\in S(\beta),

d(P,β)≤1−cβ(1−β).d(P,\beta)\le1-c\beta(1-\beta).

This is the paper's experimentally motivated conjecture for arbitrary degree and arbitrary root configurations, and would provide a uniform strengthening of Sendov's conjecture. It remains open.

References

Primary source

Michael J. Miller, “Seeking a quadratic refinement of Sendov's conjecture”, arXiv:2506.12951 (2025).

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