Cairns–Nikolayevsky thrackle conjecture for orientable surfaces

Let SgS_g be a compact orientable surface of genus g>0g>0, and let GG be a graph with nn vertices and mm edges. Cairns–Nikolayevsky's conjecture. If GG can be thrackled on SgS_g, then

mn+2g.m\le n+2g.

Odd cycles and recursive constructions provide examples with n+2gn+2g edges, motivating this proposed maximum. The paper states that this conjecture is disproved by constructions with substantially more edges, so the claim is not open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

César Hernández-Vélez, Jan Kynčl and Gelasio Salazar, “Thrackles on nonplanar surfaces”, arXiv:2506.11808 (2025).

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