Refined Langlands duality conjecture for representation spaces

Let Γ\Gamma be a finite subgroup of SU(2)SU(2). For an Abelian central subgroup ZGZ\subset G of a connected compact simple Lie group GG, set H=G/ZH=G/Z, with central extension

0ZGH0.0\to Z\to G\to H\to 0.

Let G~\widetilde G and H~\widetilde H be the Langlands duals, so that

0ZH~G~0.0\to Z^\wedge\to \widetilde H\to \widetilde G\to 0.

For the representation spaces and finite symmetry groups defined in the source, let s:F(Γ;Z)F(Γ;Z)s:F(\Gamma;Z)\xrightarrow{\sim}F(\Gamma;Z^\wedge) be the swap isomorphism. Refined Langlands duality conjecture. The representation VZ(Γ,G)V_Z(\Gamma,G) of F(Γ;Z)F(\Gamma;Z) and the representation VZ(Γ,H~)V_{Z^\wedge}(\Gamma,\widetilde H) of F(Γ;Z)F(\Gamma;Z^\wedge) are equivalent after identifying the two groups using ss. The refinement predicts an equivalence of the corresponding representations, not merely equality of their dimensions or of homomorphism counts. The source gives no resolution of this refined statement; it is presented as a conjectural refinement of the preceding conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Yuki Kojima and Yuji Tachikawa, “On homomorphisms from finite subgroups of SU(2) to Langlands dual pairs of groups”, arXiv:2505.01253 (2025).

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