Conjecture on the spark and bender of Paley equiangular tight frames

Let Φq\Phi_q be a Paley ETF with q=psq=p^s.

Paley ETF spark and bender conjecture. The spark of Φq\Phi_q is ((p+1)/2)s((p+1)/2)^s and the bender is a (ps,((p+1)/2)s,λ)(p^s, ((p+1)/2)^s,\lambda)-BIBD.

This conjecture predicts the spark and associated block design parameters for Paley ETFs, including those with non-cyclic additive groups. It is motivated by one infinite class and one example outside that class; the source provides no resolution, so the conjecture remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Emily J. King, “k-Homogeneous Equiangular Tight Frames”, arXiv:2505.00160 (2025).

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