Rupert Li's congruence conjecture for weighted hypersurfaces

Let S=Fq[x0,,xn]S=\mathbb{F}_q[x_0,\ldots,x_n] be graded by positive weights wiw_i, and let X=V(F)P(w0,,wn)X=V(F)\subseteq\mathbb{P}(w_0,\ldots,w_n) be defined by a nonzero weighted homogeneous polynomial FSF\in S of degree dnd\leq n. Rupert Li's congruence conjecture. One has

X(Fq)1(modq).|X(\mathbb{F}_q)|\equiv 1\pmod q.

This was suggested on the basis of computer research after a proved congruence modulo the characteristic prime. The source does not give a proof or a resolution of the stronger congruence modulo qq.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Elira Shaska, Jorge Mello, Sajad Salami and Tony Shaska, “Rational Points and Zeta Functions of Humbert Surfaces with Square Discriminant”, arXiv:2504.19268 (2025).

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