Rupert Li's congruence conjecture for weighted hypersurfaces

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Let S=Fq[x0,…,xn]S=\mathbb{F}_q[x_0,\ldots,x_n] be graded by positive weights wiw_i, and let X=V(F)⊆P(w0,…,wn)X=V(F)\subseteq\mathbb{P}(w_0,\ldots,w_n) be defined by a nonzero weighted homogeneous polynomial F∈SF\in S of degree d≤nd\leq n. Rupert Li's congruence conjecture. One has

∣X(Fq)∣≡1(modq).|X(\mathbb{F}_q)|\equiv 1\pmod q.

This was suggested on the basis of computer research after a proved congruence modulo the characteristic prime. The source does not give a proof or a resolution of the stronger congruence modulo qq.

References

Primary source

Elira Shaska, Jorge Mello, Sajad Salami and Tony Shaska, “Rational Points and Zeta Functions of Humbert Surfaces with Square Discriminant”, arXiv:2504.19268 (2025).

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